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Document ID ca-cgdrwutuf-2011-01-11-11 Title Canadian Guidelines for Domestic Reclaimed Water for Use in Toilet and Urinal Flushing URL https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-guidelines-domestic-reclaimed-water-use-toilet-urinal-flushing/canadian-guidelines-domestic-reclaimed-water-use-toilet-urinal-flushing-page-12.html Jurisdiction /ca Subdomain(s) Wastewater reuse, Wastewater treatment, Water quality standards Language en Status completed Analyzed at 2026-03-19 08:36:38.250071+00:00 Relevance Provides technical guidance and treatment standards for domestic reclaimed water.

9 Qualitative 59 Quantitative 21 Definitions

Q Qualitative Requirements (9)

Req ID	Category	Intent	Legal Status	Name	Subdomain(s)	Context	Conditions	Confidence
#Q001	design	treatment	guideline	Suitable treatment levels for reclaimed water	wastewater, other	Wastewater treatment levels considered suitable for the purposes of producing reclaimed water for toilet flushing use in residential and commercial buildings include secondary, advanced secondary and tertiary treatment systems.	Producing reclaimed water for toilet flushing use in residential and commercial buildings	high
#Q002	design	treatment	guidance	Primary treatment limitations	wastewater	Primary treatment alone is not sufficient to generate reclaimed water of an acceptable quality. It is, however, an important step to conduct before most secondary and advanced secondary treatment processes.		high
#Q003	treatment	treatment	mandatory	Aeration in secondary treatment	wastewater	This means that oxygen must be provided to the system either passively, through the diffusion of air through the system (as is the case with sand filters), or mechanically, introduced using blowers.	When secondary treatment involves aerobic bacteria	high
#Q004	treatment	treatment	guideline	Filtration for efficient disinfection	wastewater	Filtration is included in the treatment process when efficient disinfection is required.	When efficient disinfection is required	high
#Q005	design	operational	guidance	Chemical addition practicality	wastewater	However, chemical addition is not generally considered practical for small wastewater treatment applications.	Small wastewater treatment applications	high
#Q006	treatment	health	guideline	Requirement for disinfection	wastewater	Disinfection is an essential treatment component of almost all wastewater reclamation applications.	Almost all wastewater reclamation applications	high
#Q007	treatment	treatment	guideline	Filtration prior to disinfection	wastewater	Although there are exceptions, treated effluents intended for use as reclaimed water will generally require filtration in order to enhance the impact of disinfection processes.	Treated effluents intended for use as reclaimed water	high
#Q008	operational	operational	recommended	System-specific risk characterization	wastewater	However, to characterize risk more accurately, it is preferable to use information that is specific to a given system designed to address the local or unique conditions of the installation.	When characterizing risk for a reclaimed water system	high
#Q009	design	operational	guidance	Technology selection by scale and skill	wastewater	Those technologies that are mechanically complex or require greater operator attention are better suited to centralized facilities where skilled personnel are available. Alternatively, processes that have fewer operating controls or variables, or where few skills are required to operate and maintain the system, are generally better suited to on-site applications.		high

P Quantitative Requirements (59)

Req ID	Category	Intent	Legal Status	Name	Subdomain(s)	Limit Type	Limit Value	Context	Conditions	Confidence
#P001	operational	treatment	guidance	BOD5	wastewater	OG	< 30 mg/L	After secondary treatment	Effluent typically has BOD5 and TSS concentrations less than 30 mg/L	high
#P002	operational	treatment	guidance	TSS	wastewater	OG	< 30 mg/L	After secondary treatment	Effluent typically has BOD5 and TSS concentrations less than 30 mg/L	high
#P003	operational	treatment	guidance	BOD5	wastewater	OG	< 10 mg/L	Advanced secondary treatment	Expected to have BOD5 and TSS concentrations less than 10 mg/L	high
#P004	operational	treatment	guidance	TSS	wastewater	OG	< 10 mg/L	Advanced secondary treatment	Expected to have BOD5 and TSS concentrations less than 10 mg/L	high
#P005	microbiological	treatment	guidance	E. coli	wastewater	treatment_goal	0-0.5 log reduction	Primary treatment		high
#P006	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Bacterial pathogens	wastewater	treatment_goal	0-0.5 log reduction	Primary treatment		high
#P007	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Viruses	wastewater	treatment_goal	0-0.1 log reduction	Primary treatment		high
#P008	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.5-1.0 log reduction	Primary treatment		high
#P009	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Cryptosporidium	wastewater	treatment_goal	0-0.5 log reduction	Primary treatment		high
#P010	microbiological	treatment	guidance	E. coli	wastewater	treatment_goal	1.0-3.0 log reduction	Secondary treatment		high
#P011	microbiological	treatment	guidance	E. coli	wastewater	treatment_goal	3.5-> 6.0 log reduction	Membrane filtration		high
#P012	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Viruses	wastewater	treatment_goal	3 mg·min/L	Chlorine CT values for 2 log inactivation	Temperature 10°C, pH 6-9, free chlorine residual 0.2-0.5 mg/L	high
#P013	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Viruses	wastewater	treatment_goal	4 mg·min/L	Chlorine CT values for 3 log inactivation	Temperature 10°C, pH 6-9, free chlorine residual 0.2-0.5 mg/L	high
#P014	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Viruses	wastewater	treatment_goal	6 mg·min/L	Chlorine CT values for 4 log inactivation	Temperature 10°C, pH 6-9, free chlorine residual 0.2-0.5 mg/L	high
#P015	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia cysts	wastewater	treatment_goal	17 mg·min/L	Chlorine CT values for 0.5 log inactivation	Free chlorine <= 0.4 mg/L, 10°C, pH 7	high
#P016	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia cysts	wastewater	treatment_goal	104 mg·min/L	Chlorine CT values for 3 log inactivation	Free chlorine <= 0.4 mg/L, 10°C, pH 7	high
#P017	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Cryptosporidium	wastewater	treatment_goal	22 mJ/cm2	UV dose required for up to 4.0 log inactivation		high
#P018	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia	wastewater	treatment_goal	22 mJ/cm2	UV dose required for up to 4.0 log inactivation		high
#P019	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Virus	wastewater	treatment_goal	186 mJ/cm2	UV dose required for up to 4.0 log inactivation		high
#P020	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Cryptosporidium	wastewater	treatment_goal	1.5-2.5 log reduction	Dual-media filtration		high
#P021	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Chlorine Dioxide Virus Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	4.2-25.1 mg·min/L	CT values for 2 log to 4 log inactivation of viruses	Temperature of 10°C and a pH range of 6-9	high
#P022	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Ozone Virus Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.5-1.0 mg·min/L	CT values for 2 log to 4 log inactivation of viruses	Temperature of 10°C and a pH range of 6-9	high
#P023	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Chlorine Dioxide Giardia Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	4-23 mg·min/L	CT values for 0.5 log to 3 log inactivation of Giardia cysts	Temperature of 10°C and a pH range of 6-9	high
#P024	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Ozone Giardia Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.23-1.43 mg·min/L	CT values for 0.5 log to 3 log inactivation of Giardia cysts	Temperature of 10°C and a pH range of 6-9	high
#P025	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Secondary Treatment Pathogen Removal	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.5-3.0 log reduction	Indicative log reductions for Bacterial pathogens, Viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium	Aerobic biological processes typically used	high
#P026	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Dual-media Filtration Pathogen Removal	wastewater	treatment_goal	0-3.0 log reduction	Indicative log reductions for E. coli, Bacterial pathogens, Viruses, and Giardia		high
#P027	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Membrane Filtration Pathogen Removal	wastewater	treatment_goal	2.5-> 6.0 log reduction	Indicative log reductions for Bacterial pathogens, Viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium	Membrane pore size significantly affects performance	high
#P028	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Chlorination Pathogen Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	0-6.0 log reduction	Indicative log removals for enteric pathogens via chlorination		high
#P029	microbiological	treatment	guidance	UV Light Pathogen Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	1.0-> 4.0 log reduction	Indicative log removals for enteric pathogens via UV light		high
#P030	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Cryptosporidium UV Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	12 mJ/cm2	UV dose required for 3.0 log inactivation		high
#P031	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia UV Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	11 mJ/cm2	UV dose required for 3.0 log inactivation		high
#P032	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Virus UV Inactivation	wastewater	treatment_goal	143 mJ/cm2	UV dose required for 3.0 log inactivation		high
#P033	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Ozonation Giardia Reduction	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.5-3.0 log reduction	Indicative log reductions for Ozonation		high
#P034	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Ozonation Cryptosporidium Reduction	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.25-3.0 log reduction	Indicative log reductions for Ozonation		high
#P035	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Chlorine Giardia Inactivation CT	wastewater	treatment_goal	69 mg·min/L	Chlorine CT values for 2 log inactivation of Giardia cysts	Free chlorine residual <= 0.4 mg/L, temperature of 10°C and a pH of 7	high
#P036	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Bacterial pathogens log reduction (Secondary treatment)	wastewater	treatment_goal	1.0-3.0 log reduction	Secondary treatment		high
#P037	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Viruses log reduction (Secondary treatment)	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.5-2.0 log reduction	Secondary treatment		high
#P038	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia log reduction (Secondary treatment)	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.5-1.5 log reduction	Secondary treatment		high
#P039	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Cryptosporidium log reduction (Secondary treatment)	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.5-1.0 log reduction	Secondary treatment		high
#P040	microbiological	treatment	guidance	E. coli log reduction (Dual-media filtration)	wastewater	treatment_goal	0-1.0 log reduction	Dual-media filtration		high
#P041	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Bacterial pathogens log reduction (Dual-media filtration)	wastewater	treatment_goal	0-1.0 log reduction	Dual-media filtration		high
#P042	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Viruses log reduction (Dual-media filtration)	wastewater	treatment_goal	0.5-3.0 log reduction	Dual-media filtration		high
#P043	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia log reduction (Dual-media filtration)	wastewater	treatment_goal	1.0-3.0 log reduction	Dual-media filtration		high
#P044	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Bacterial pathogens log reduction (Membrane filtration)	wastewater	treatment_goal	3.5-> 6.0 log reduction	Membrane filtration		high
#P045	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Viruses log reduction (Membrane filtration)	wastewater	treatment_goal	2.5-> 6.0 log reduction	Membrane filtration		high
#P046	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia log reduction (Membrane filtration)	wastewater	treatment_goal	> 6.0 log reduction	Membrane filtration		high
#P047	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Cryptosporidium log reduction (Membrane filtration)	wastewater	treatment_goal	> 6.0 log reduction	Membrane filtration		high
#P048	microbiological	treatment	guidance	E. coli log reduction (Chlorination)	wastewater	treatment_goal	2.0-6.0 log reduction	Chlorination indicative log reductions		high
#P049	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Bacterial pathogens log reduction (Chlorination)	wastewater	treatment_goal	2.0-6.0 log reduction	Chlorination indicative log reductions		high
#P050	microbiological	treatment	guidance	E. coli log reduction (Ozonation)	wastewater	treatment_goal	2.0-6.0 log reduction	Ozonation indicative log reductions		high
#P051	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Cryptosporidium UV dose (1.0 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	2.5 mJ/cm2	UV dose for 1.0 log inactivation		high
#P052	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Giardia UV dose (1.0 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	2.1 mJ/cm2	UV dose for 1.0 log inactivation		high
#P053	microbiological	treatment	guidance	Virus UV dose (1.0 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	58 mJ/cm2	UV dose for 1.0 log inactivation		high
#P054	microbiological	treatment	guideline	Chlorine Giardia Inactivation CT (1.0 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	35 mg·min/L	CT values for 1 log inactivation of Giardia cysts	Free chlorine residual <= 0.4 mg/L, temperature of 10°C and a pH of 7	high
#P055	microbiological	treatment	guideline	Chlorine Giardia Inactivation CT (1.5 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	52 mg·min/L	CT values for 1.5 log inactivation of Giardia cysts	Free chlorine residual <= 0.4 mg/L, temperature of 10°C and a pH of 7	high
#P056	microbiological	treatment	guideline	Chlorine Giardia Inactivation CT (2.5 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	87 mg·min/L	CT values for 2.5 log inactivation of Giardia cysts	Free chlorine residual <= 0.4 mg/L, temperature of 10°C and a pH of 7	high
#P057	microbiological	treatment	guideline	Cryptosporidium UV dose (2.0 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	5.8 mJ/cm2	UV dose for 2.0 log inactivation		high
#P058	microbiological	treatment	guideline	Giardia UV dose (2.0 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	5.2 mJ/cm2	UV dose for 2.0 log inactivation		high
#P059	microbiological	treatment	guideline	Virus UV dose (2.0 log)	wastewater	treatment_goal	100 mJ/cm2	UV dose for 2.0 log inactivation		high

D Definitions (21)

Req ID	Name	Context	Confidence
#D001	Advanced secondary treatment	Advanced secondary treatment refers to systems that can reliably achieve effluent quality approaching the detection limits for BOD5, TSS and (with disinfection) thermotolerant coliforms.	high
#D002	Tertiary treatment	Tertiary treatment refers to further removal of colloidal and suspended solids, as well as nutrient (phosphorus and nitrogen) removal from the wastewater by either biological or chemical means.	high
#D003	Biological treatment	Biological treatment uses microorganisms in suspension in the wastewater or attached onto a support media, to assist in the removal of matter from the wastewater.	high
#D004	Physical treatment	Physical treatment removes the waste by filtration through a granular media or through a solid media, such as membrane filtration.	high
#D005	Chemical treatment	Chemical treatment involves adding specific chemicals to precipitate targeted components or adsorbing them onto a media.	high
#D006	Primary treatment	Primary treatment removes coarse organic and inorganic solids and grit by sedimentation and/or flotation.	high
#D007	Secondary treatment	The principal purpose of secondary treatment is to remove the soluble organic components of the wastewater, in addition to colloidal or suspended forms, following primary treatment in a septic tank for smaller decentralized or on-site treatment systems.	high
#D008	Disinfection	Disinfection destroys or inactivates the majority of microorganisms within the treated wastewater effluent, including those that are pathogenic to humans.	high
#D009	Biosolids treatment	Biosolids treatment involves the treatment of solids that settle out during either or both of he primary and secondary wastewater treatment processes.	high
#D010	BOD	biochemical oxygen demand	high
#D011	TSS	total suspended solids	high
#D012	aerobic	oxygen-consuming	high
#D013	anaerobic	no oxygen	high
#D014	unrestricted public access	“Unrestricted public access” applications typically include recreational water uses, playing field irrigation, landscape impoundments, direct discharge to streams, vehicle washing, etc.	high
#D015	UV	ultraviolet	high
#D016	CT	concentration (mg/L) and time (minutes)	high
#D017	intensive systems	intensive systems that offer high performance but require a high degree of inputs, such as power, process control and operator skill level	high
#D018	biogas	methane gas	high
#D019	nitrification	converting ammonium to nitrate	high
#D020	activated sludge	suspended growth	high
#D021	adsorbed	attached	high