| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Q001 | administrative | operational | mandatory | Establish Domestic Effluent Quality and Quantity | wastewater, other | In the first step of the risk assessment process for domestic reclaimed water, hazard identification, it is necessary to establish, at least approximately, the quality and quantity of water that is produced from domestic activities (the domestic effluent) and that is available for treatment and beneficial reuse. | During the hazard identification step of the risk assessment process. | high |
| #Q002 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Exposure Assessment Estimate Content | wastewater, other | The exposure assessment should provide an estimate (with associated uncertainty) of the occurrence and level of a contaminant in a specified volume of water at the time of the exposure event (ingestion, inhalation or dermal absorption). | During the exposure assessment component of the risk assessment. | high |
| #Q003 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Hazard Characterization Content | wastewater, other | A hazard characterization will describe the adverse health effects that may result from ingestion, inhalation or dermal absorption of a microorganism or chemical. When data are available, the characterization should present quantitative information (dose-response relationship, probability of adverse outcomes). | When data are available during the hazard characterization step. | high |
| #Q004 | operational | health | mandatory | Compliance with Finished Water Quality Guidelines | wastewater, other | Regardless of whether greywater or wastewater is being reclaimed, the finished water quality must meet the guideline values set out in Table 1. | Applies to reclaimed greywater or wastewater. | high |
| #Q005 | design | operational | mandatory | By-Product Disposal Considerations | wastewater, other | When selecting a reclaimed water treatment system, the disposal requirements for any by-products produced by the system need to be considered (e.g., biosolids, membrane concentrate). | When selecting a reclaimed water treatment system. | high |
| #Q006 | treatment | health | recommended | Disinfection of Reclaimed Domestic Wastewater | wastewater, other | Reclaimed domestic wastewater for use in toilet and urinal flushing should be disinfected prior to use to ensure that it does not pose an unacceptable risk to human health. | When reclaimed domestic wastewater is to be used for toilet and urinal flushing. | high |
| #Q007 | administrative | health | guidance | Vulnerable Subpopulation Risk Assessments | wastewater, other | Separate risk assessments can be undertaken for specific subgroups with increased vulnerability, such as people with severe immunodeficiency. | For groups with increased vulnerability to illness. | high |
| #Q008 | administrative | health | recommended | Cross-Connection Control Management Program | wastewater, other | This illustrates the need to implement a strong management program, with a particular focus on cross-connection control; the optimal choice of measures or combination of measures to be used will depend on an analysis of important factors in a particular situation (Blumenthal et al., 1989). | Required to minimize health risks from accidental cross-connections with the domestic reclaimed water system. | high |
| #Q009 | operational | operational | mandatory | Prevention of Unauthorized Discharges | wastewater, other | Vigilance will be required to prevent or minimize any unauthorized discharges for on-site systems in particular. | Applies particularly to on-site reclaimed water systems. | high |
| #Q010 | administrative | operational | recommended | Educational Material for System Owners | wastewater, other | Preventive measures should include providing owners of systems with educational material about the need to avoid inappropriate dumping of household chemicals. | As part of preventive measures to prevent unauthorized chemical discharges. | high |
| #Q011 | administrative | reporting | mandatory | Exposure Assessment Scope | wastewater, other | A complete exposure assessment must consider both planned and unintended uses-that is, intentional and accidental exposures. | During the performance of an exposure assessment for reclaimed water systems. | high |
| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Limit Type | Limit Value | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #P001 | operational | health | guideline | Health target | other | treatment_goal | 10-6 DALY | calculate treatment goals to achieve a health target of 10-6 DALY for the specified uses of reclaimed water | Based on the initial concentration of a reference pathogen in the untreated source water | high |
| #P002 | microbiological | health | guideline | C. parvum dose equivalent | other | treatment_goal | 5.3 × 10−2 dose equivalent | Table 8: Required log reductions | Doses equivalent to 10-6 DALY | high |
| #P003 | microbiological | treatment | guideline | C. parvum required log reductions (aerosols) | other | treatment_goal | 2.6 log reductions | Table 8: Required log reductions | Based on aerosols from toilet flushing | high |
| #P004 | microbiological | treatment | guideline | C. parvum required log reductions (cross-connection) | other | treatment_goal | 4.1 log reductions | Table 8: Required log reductions | Based on cross-connection (worst-case assumption of 1 person per 1000 consuming 1 L/day for 365 days) | high |
| #P005 | microbiological | health | guideline | Rotavirus dose equivalent | other | treatment_goal | 5.5 × 10−3 dose equivalent | Table 8: Required log reductions | Doses equivalent to 10-6 DALY | high |
| #P006 | microbiological | treatment | guideline | Rotavirus required log reductions (aerosols) | other | treatment_goal | 4.2 log reductions | Table 8: Required log reductions | Based on aerosols from toilet flushing | high |
| #P007 | microbiological | treatment | guideline | Rotavirus required log reductions (cross-connection) | other | treatment_goal | 5.7 log reductions | Table 8: Required log reductions | Based on cross-connection (worst-case assumption of 1 person per 1000 consuming 1 L/day for 365 days) | high |
| #P008 | microbiological | health | guideline | E. coli O157:H7 dose equivalent | other | treatment_goal | 7.1 × 10−3 dose equivalent | Table 8: Required log reductions | Doses equivalent to 10-6 DALY | high |
| #P009 | microbiological | treatment | guideline | E. coli O157:H7 required log reductions (aerosols) | other | treatment_goal | 5.3 log reductions | Table 8: Required log reductions | Based on aerosols from toilet flushing | high |
| #P010 | microbiological | treatment | guideline | E. coli O157:H7 required log reductions (cross-connection) | other | treatment_goal | 6.8 log reductions | Table 8: Required log reductions | Based on cross-connection (worst-case assumption of 1 person per 1000 consuming 1 L/day for 365 days) | high |
| Req ID | Category | Name | Context | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D001 | Hazard identification | Hazard identification is generally a qualitative process of identifying microorganisms or chemicals of concern in the water. | high | |
| #D002 | Exposure assessment | The exposure assessment should provide an estimate (with associated uncertainty) of the occurrence and level of a contaminant in a specified volume of water at the time of the exposure event (ingestion, inhalation or dermal absorption). | high | |
| #D003 | Hazard characterization | A hazard characterization will describe the adverse health effects that may result from ingestion, inhalation or dermal absorption of a microorganism or chemical. | high | |
| #D004 | Risk characterization | The risk characterization is an integration of the three previous steps to derive a risk estimate-that is, an estimate of the likelihood and severity of the adverse health effects that would occur in a given population, with associated uncertainties. | high | |
| #D005 | Domestic wastewater | Domestic wastewater includes the discharge from all domestic sources, including toilet and kitchen waste. | medium | |
| #D006 | Helminths | Helminths are multi-organ worms that are more complex in structure than bacteria or protozoa. | medium | |
| #D007 | Disinfection by-products (DBPs) | DBPs are usually dissolved organohalogenated compounds formed from the oxidative breakdown of organic substances in water, as a result of the application of a disinfectant | medium | |
| #D008 | Endocrine disrupting chemicals | Broad ranges of chemicals have been identified as having the potential to alter normal endocrine function in humans and wildlife; these chemicals are referred to as endocrine disrupting chemicals. | high | |
| #D009 | Pharmaceuticals | Pharmaceuticals are predominantly organic compounds formulated for therapeutic uses in humans and animals. | medium | |
| #D010 | Personal care products (PCPs) | Personal care products (PCPs) include the active ingredients found in cosmetics, fragrances, insect repellents, sunscreens and many other consumer products. | medium | |
| #D011 | Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) | The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a common unit of risk to compare different health effects that vary in severity (e.g., from mild diarrhoea to death). | medium | |
| #D012 | Greywater | Sources of greywater can include bath, shower, sink and laundry water, but not toilet water (Asano, 1998). Greywater does not generally include kitchen sink or dishwasher waste, as these are highly contaminated with fats and food waste. | high | |
| #D013 | Enteric viruses | Enteric viruses are obligate parasites, depending entirely on other living cells for reproduction (Health Canada, 2004a; Krewski et al., 2004). | high | |
| #D014 | Protozoa | Protozoa are relatively large pathogenic microorganisms that multiply only in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts. | high |