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Document ID ca-gcdwqgtd-2013-07-25-2 Title Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Total Coliforms URL https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-quality-guideline-technical-document-total-coliforms/page-3-guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-quality-guideline-technical-document-total-coliforms.html Jurisdiction /ca Subdomain(s) Drinking water, Water quality monitoring Language en Status completed Analyzed at 2026-03-19 11:16:32.562586+00:00 Relevance Technical guideline for drinking water quality indicators and monitoring.

Q Qualitative Requirements (0)

No qualitative requirements.

P Quantitative Requirements (39)

Req ID Category Intent Legal Status Name Subdomain(s) Limit Type Limit Value Context Conditions Confidence
#P001microbiologicaloperationalmandatoryTotal coliformsdrinking waterMAC0 per 100 mLin water leaving a treatment plant and in non-disinfected groundwater leaving the wellnone detectable per 100 mLhigh
#P002microbiologicaltreatmentrecommendedEnteric virusesdrinking watertreatment_goal>= 4 logremoval and/or inactivation of enteric virusestreatment technologies should be in place to achieve a minimum 4 log (99.99%) removal and/or inactivationhigh
#P003microbiologicaltreatmentrecommendedEnteric protozoadrinking watertreatment_goal>= 3 logremoval and/or inactivation of enteric protozoaminimum 3 log (99.9%) removal and/or inactivationhigh
#P004operationaloperationalrecommendedSample collection volumedrinking waterrequirement>= 100 mLA minimum volume of 100 mL of water should be examined to obtain a reliable estimate of the number of organismsusing MTF or MF, or P-A result at expected low levelshigh
#P005operationaloperationalrecommendedSampling frequency (Up to 5000 population)drinking waterrequirement4 samples per monthRecommended sampling frequency for population served up to 5000The water samples should be taken at regular intervals throughout the monthhigh
#P006designtreatmentguidanceUV Dose (NSF/ANSI Standard 55 Class A)drinking waterrequirement>= 40 mJ/cm2UV systems certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 55 Class Adesigned to deliver a UV dose at least equivalent to 40 mJ/cm2 in order to inactivate microorganismshigh
#P007microbiologicaltreatmentguidanceBacteria and bacterial spores reduction (Distillation)drinking watertreatment_goal>= 6 logNSF standard 62 for Drinking Water Distillation Systemsdistillation system must provide a minimum 6 log reductionhigh
#P008operationaloperationalrecommendedSampling frequency (5,000 to 90,000 population)drinking waterrequirement1 per 1000 persons per monthRecommended minimum sampling frequency based on population servedSamples should be taken at regular intervals throughout the monthhigh
#P009operationaloperationalrecommendedSampling frequency (90,000+ population)drinking waterrequirement90 + (1 per 10 000 persons) samples per monthRecommended minimum sampling frequency for large populationsSamples should be taken at regular intervals throughout the monthhigh
#P010chemicaloperationalguidanceChlorine residual for HPC controldrinking waterOG0.2 mg/LMaintenance of disinfectant residual to control heterotrophic plate count (HPC)applicable to most water supplies to keep HPC below 500 CFU/mLhigh
#P011operationaloperationalmandatorySample transport temperaturedrinking waterrequirement5 ± 3 °CTransportation of bacteriological samples to the laboratorytransported in a cooler with ice or cooling packs; protected from direct contact to prevent freezinghigh
#P012operationaloperationalrecommendedSample holding timedrinking waterrequirement<= 24 hoursInterval between collection and beginning of examination8 hours is preferred; up to 48 hours may be acceptable in remote areashigh
#P013microbiologicaloperationalrecommendedDistribution system total coliform detection thresholddrinking waterrequirement<= 10 % of samplesInvestigation trigger for coliform detections in municipal-scale distribution systemsdetections in more than 10% of samples in a given period should be investigatedhigh
#P014operationaltreatmentrecommendedDisinfectant residual monitoring frequency (treatment plant)drinking waterrequirement1 dailyWater leaving a treatment plantAs part of the verification process in a source-to-tap multi-barrier approachhigh
#P015operationaltreatmentrecommendedTurbidity monitoring frequency (treatment plant)drinking waterrequirement1 dailyWater leaving a treatment plantAs part of the verification process in a source-to-tap multi-barrier approachhigh
#P016microbiologicaloperationalrecommendedTotal coliform monitoring frequency (treatment plant)drinking waterrequirement>= 1 weeklyWater leaving a treatment plantAs part of the verification process in a source-to-tap multi-barrier approachhigh
#P017microbiologicaloperationalguidanceHPC interference threshold (Membrane Filter)drinking waterrequirement> 500 CFU/mLRecovery of total coliforms using the MF techniqueGreatest reduction in recovery occurs when heterotrophic plate count exceeds this levelhigh
#P018microbiologicaloperationalguidanceHPC interference threshold (Multiple Tube Fermentation)drinking waterrequirement> 250 CFU/mLRecovery of total coliforms by MTFGreatest reduction in recovery occurs when HPC densities exceed this levelhigh
#P019chemicaltreatmentguidanceFree chlorine CT for 99% virus inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal4.0 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy for viruses at 5°CValue for pH 6.0-9.0high
#P020designtreatmentguidanceUV dose for 4-log Adenovirus inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal167-186 mJ/cm2UV light dose for inactivation of resistant virusesTo achieve 4-log reductionhigh
#P021operationaloperationalrecommendedGroundwater sanitary status sampling frequencydrinking waterrequirement>= 10 samplesAssessing groundwater vulnerability to contaminationSampling needed to determine the sanitary status of a groundwater sourcehigh
#P022chemicaltreatmentguidanceOzone CT for 99% Giardia lamblia inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal1.3 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 6-7high
#P023chemicaltreatmentguidanceOzone CT for 99% virus inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal0.6 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 6-7high
#P024physicaltreatmentguidanceUV dose for 4-log Cryptosporidium inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal22 mJ/cm2UV light disinfection performanceTo achieve 4-log reductionhigh
#P025physicaltreatmentguidanceUV dose for 4-log Giardia inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal22 mJ/cm2UV light disinfection performanceTo achieve 4-log reductionhigh
#P026chemicaltreatmentguidanceFree chlorine CT for 99% Giardia lamblia inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal65-93 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 6-7high
#P027chemicaltreatmentguidanceChloramines CT for 99% E. coli inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal95-180 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 8-9high
#P028chemicaltreatmentguidanceChloramines CT for 99% Giardia lamblia inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal1470 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 8-9high
#P029chemicaltreatmentguidanceChloramines CT for 99% virus inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal857 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 8-9high
#P030chemicaltreatmentguidanceChlorine dioxide CT for 99% Giardia lamblia inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal17 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 6-7; value for pH 6.0-9.0high
#P031chemicaltreatmentguidanceChlorine dioxide CT for 99% virus inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal5.6 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 6-7; value for pH 6.0-9.0high
#P032chemicaltreatmentguidanceOzone CT for 99% E. coli inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal0.02 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 6-7high
#P033microbiologicaltreatmentguidanceUV dose for 4-log E. coli inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal5.0-18 mJ/cm2UV light disinfection performanceTo achieve 4-log reductionhigh
#P034microbiologicaltreatmentguidanceUV dose for 4-log Rotavirus inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal36-40 mJ/cm2UV light disinfection performanceTo achieve 4-log reductionhigh
#P035physicaltreatmentguidanceBacterial removal credit (Coagulation/Sedimentation)drinking watertreatment_goal1.7 logPhysical removal of coliform bacteriaRange 0.5 to 3.9 log reduction associated with coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentationhigh
#P036physicaltreatmentguidanceBacterial removal credit (Slow sand filtration)drinking watertreatment_goal2.4 logPhysical removal of coliform bacteriaRange 1.3 to 3.2 log reduction reported for slow sand filtrationhigh
#P037physicaltreatmentguidanceBacterial removal credit (Membrane filtration)drinking watertreatment_goal4.0 to > 6.0 logPhysical removal of E. coliMembrane filtration technologies are capable of removing 4.0 log to greater than 6.0 log of E. colihigh
#P038chemicaltreatmentguidanceFree chlorine CT for 99% E. coli inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal0.034-0.05 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 6-7high
#P039chemicaltreatmentguidanceChlorine dioxide CT for 99% E. coli inactivationdrinking watertreatment_goal0.4-0.75 mg·min/LDisinfection efficacy at 5°CpH 6-7high

D Definitions (0)

No definitions.