Canadian Guidelines for Domestic Reclaimed Water for Use in Toilet and Urinal Flushing

Table of Contents

• Acknowledgements
• Executive summary
• 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Scope of the document
  • 1.2 A risk-based approach
• 2.0 Guidelines for reclaimed water quality
  • 2.1 Application of the guideline
  • 2.2 Calculating microbiological treatment goals for reclaimed water
• Part I: Potential Elements of a Management Framework for Domestic Reclaimed Water
• 3.0 Managing health risks in on-site and clustered domestic reclaimed water systems
  • 3.1 Economic considerations
  • 3.2 Management programs
  • 3.3 Technology validation and certification
  • 3.4 Installation and commissioning of new systems
  • 3.5 Operational oversight, inspections and monitoring
• Part II: Science and Technical Considerations
• 4.0 Risk assessment
  • 4.1 Hazard identification-microbiological characteristics
  • 4.1.1 Significance of microorganisms in reclaimed water
  • 4.1.2 Viral reference pathogens
  • 4.1.3 Protozoan reference pathogens
  • 4.1.4 Bacterial reference pathogens
  • 4.1.5 Helminthic reference pathogens
  • 4.2 Hazard identification-chemical characteristics
  • 4.2.1 Disinfection by-products
  • 4.2.2 Endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • 4.2.3 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)
  • 4.2.4 Complex mixtures
  • 4.2.5 Significance of chemicals in reclaimed water
  • 4.3 Exposure assessment
  • 4.4 Hazard characterization
  • 4.5 Risk characterization
• 5.0 Rationale
• Appendix A: Abbreviations, acronyms and glossary
• Appendix B: Additional risk assessment information and calculations
• Appendix C: Technology verification and certification
• Appendix D: Treatment processes
• References
• Footnotes

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(PDF format, 921 KB, 54 pages) Organization: Health Canada Type: Guideline Date published: 2010-07-16 * Health and the environment

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2025-02-28